Strategy for achieving long-term energy efficiency of European single-family buildings through passive climate adaptation

The presented study aims to clarify the implications of passive design measures on heating and cooling energy use single-family residential buildings under European representative climates. In order address this matter, different values thermal transmittance (opaque transparent), window floor ratio, distribution, shape factor, diurnal heat storage capacity, external opaque surface solar absorptivity natural ventilation rates were combined in 496,800 building models, which simulated at eight locations. Because are for many decades, simulations made considering projected climate change up end 21st century. results delivered a set most effective achieving low regarding type period. A lower ratio was identified as universally applicable measure counterbalance effect warming climate. contrast, other vary according studied Furthermore, it concluded that is difficult neutralise effects buildings' use, even when applying best performing combination measures. However, reasonably can still be assured solely by design, especially oceanic, warm, some temperate Therefore, trends represent foundation strategies guidelines aimed future-proof energy-efficient buildings.